A few months ago, I mentioned that CBC Radio 2 was going to re-broadcast
their excellent series The Wire.
I knew that I very much wanted to listen to the whole series, but I
couldn't know in advance that I'd be available every Sunday afternoon
to sit and listen to it without certain three-year-olds yelling in my
ear. So I resolved to capture the audio streams and listen to them
later, when I knew I'd have some peace and quiet. If anyone from CBC
is reading this, sorry! I promise not to share these recordings with
anyone.
Of course, when trying to record audio streams from the internet, I run
the risk of losing the connection to the server and recording silence
while the connection is re-established. I didn't think I'd be able to
capture the entirety of the eight episodes, but by golly I was going to
try.
The series is over now, and I did alright. As far as I know, five
of the eight episodes are recorded perfectly. Another has a ten or
fifteen second gap in the middle.
The other two are mostly crap. One has five-second dropouts
every few minutes. The other (the final episode) is particularly
interesting. I simply couldn't connect to the CBC Radio 2 server
that day. I wanted to have something recorded, so I plugged
my radio into my computer, and recorded the analog signal picked up
by my tuner. Unfortunately, I don't get very good reception of CBCR2,
so the recording is full of static.
It's interesting to compare the dropout episode with the static
episode. For the sake of argument, let's say that each contains about
75% of the total information content of the original audio source.
In the dropout episode, the information content is all-or-nothing:
75% of the time you have the complete signal and 25% of the time
you have silence. In the static episode, the 25% loss of signal is
smeared continuously over the stuff you want. It's tempting to say
that dropouts are the 21st century equivalent of static. No streamed
audio signal will ever suffer from crackling noise, so this is the
form of information loss we'll have to put up with.
Now here's the big question. Which is better? If you had to accept
25% signal loss, which would you prefer? And here's the answer:
you'd always prefer analog static over dropouts. The reason is simple.
Our brains are hard-wired to deal with that kind of noise. Every day,
we need to filter lots of junk out of what we see and hear in order to
make perception possible. After a while, we even adjust our gain and
fail to notice the noise at all. If I'm listening to a speech where every
sentence is missing
two or three words, I'll have a hard time getting the speaker's message.
But I can easily reconstruct the speaker's words if they're relayed to
me through a walkie-talkie.
Unfortunately, streaming media just doesn't work that way. You either
get 100% fidelity, or you get nothing. That raises an
interesting question: is there an alternate encoding of digital audio
that degrades (but doesn't drop out) if the signal goes missing for a
few seconds?
You'd need something
that smears a low-res version of the signal out over a wide time window,
and sends the high-res details right on time.
This property of "degrading gracefully", recognizing the
features of human perception, if highly desirable.
Alas, while I'm interested in human perception, this isn't my
department.
Note that these questions are particularly appropriate given they arose
in the context of recording a show about the impact of electricity on
music. Here, we are concerned with the transition from electricity to
electronics, and analog static to digital static.